PRESENT PARTICIPLE

Present Participle is used as:

1. Verbs in continuous.

    e.g: a. Jack is drinking milk in the kitchen

b. Nizar was playing football in the field.

c. You are swimming in the swimming pool.

2. Noun Modifier.

     The noun modifier does something actively.

     Compare:    Gerund                        Present Participle

                       - Shopping bag              - Shopping girl

                       - Fitting room                - Swimming boy

                       - Walking stick              - Singing bird

      e.g: a. That walking stick belongs to me (Gerund)

                 The singing bird sing beautifully (Present Participle)

             b. Where is Gita's shopping bag? (Gerund)

                 Do you know the shopping girl? (Present Participle)

             c. Where is the fitting room? (Gerund)

                 The swimming boy is happy (Present Participle)

3. Used after verbs of sensation: see, look at, watch, observe, notice, hear, feel, listen to. (+Present participle and V1)

    e.g: a. I hear the girls singing a new song in the classroom = I hear the girls sing a new song in the classroom.

           b. They see the man buying a new car=They see the man buy a new car.

    Catch, find, keep, leave, smell, spend (Present Participle ONLY)

    e.g: a. I smelt something burning yesterday

           b. She leaves him talking to another girl.

4. It's similar to an adjective clause.

    e.g:  a. The woman gathering flowers is his mother = the woman who gathers flowers is his mother

            b. The man coming towards us is my uncle = the man who is coming towards us is my uncle.

5. When the two acts done by the same subjects happen simultaneously, we likely express by a present participle.

    e.g: She read a book. She ate bread

           She read a book eating bread = Eating bread, she read a book

6. When one act is immediately followed by another done by the same subject. The first act is expressed by a present participle (just front)

    e.g: He hit the boys. he left them.

           Hitting the boys he left them.

7. When the second act is a result of the first act, we express the second act by a present participle.

    e.g: You go out. you bring a suitcase = you go out, bringing a suitcase